流行性感冒中西医结合诊疗指南(2022年版)

标题: 流行性感冒中西医结合诊疗指南(2022年版)
title: Clinical Pratice Guide Line Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for Influenza(2022 version)
版本: 原创版
version: Original
分类: 标准指南
classification: Standard guideline
领域: 诊疗
field: Diagnosis and Treatment
国家和地区: 中国
Country and region: China
指南使用者: 各医疗机构临床医生
Guide users: Clinicians in various medical institutions
证据分级方法: GRADE分级
Evidence grading method: GRADE
制定单位: 中国中西医结合学会
Formulating unit: Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine
注册时间: 2022-07-28
Registration time:
注册编号: PREPARE-2022CN425
Registration number:
指南制订的目的: 流感(病毒性感冒)(viral influenza),流感是由流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,发病具有季节性,也可全年流行,人群普遍易感,孕产妇、婴幼儿、老年人及慢性基础疾病患者易发展为重症或危重症病例,死亡风险较高,严重危害着我国人民的健康。目前西医对于流感的预防和治疗仅限于疫苗和神经氨酸酶抑制剂(neuraminidase inhibitors,NAIs),其中NAIs通过抑制病毒的释放来达到抗病毒作用。但这类药物会导致流感病毒产生耐药性,从而降低治疗效果。此外,流感病毒抗原结构的频繁改变,也给有效疫苗的生产带来了困难。因此,目前亟需能够突破病毒结构变异和产生耐药性限制的有效治疗措施。从古至今,中医药在防治流感方面积累了丰厚的理论基础和实践经验,在流感未发时,能够通过培补正气以增强体质,达到“未病先防”的目的;在流感发生后,又能够通过扶正祛邪,产生“既病防变”的作用。面对新发流感,疫苗、特效药具有滞后性,而中医药是现时可用的,能够快速应急。临床研究显示:中医药治疗流感能够减轻患者症状,缩短患者病程,减少重症率和死亡率,在与西药联合使用时,还可以减少西药的使用量和毒副反应,减少继发性肺炎的发生率。同时,现代药理学研究也证实中药含有多种抗流感病毒的活性成分。然而目前在中西医结合临床诊疗流感的过程中,仍存在治疗不规范的问题。因此,为进一步提高流感的中西医规范化诊疗水平,本团队结合当前国内外相关研究成果及中西医结诊治疗流感经验,制定流行性感冒中西医结合诊疗指南(2022年版)。
Purpose of the guideline: Influenza (viral influenza), influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, the incidence is seasonal, can also be epidemic throughout the year, the population is generally susceptible, pregnant women, infants, the elderly and patients with chronic underlying diseases are prone to develop into severe or critical cases, the risk of death is high, seriously endangering the health of our people. At present, the prevention and treatment of influenza in Western medicine is limited to vaccines and neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), in which NAIs achieve antiviral effects by inhibiting the release of the virus. But such drugs can cause influenza viruses to become resistant, reducing the effectiveness of treatment. In addition, frequent changes in the antigen structure of influenza viruses have also brought difficulties to the production of effective vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective treatment measures that can break through the limitations of viral structural variation and drug resistance. From ancient times to the present, Chinese medicine has accumulated rich theoretical foundation and practical experience in the prevention and treatment of influenza, and when influenza has not occurred, it can enhance its physique by cultivating healthy qi to achieve the purpose of "prevention before illness"; After the flu occurs, it can also produce the effect of "preventing both diseases and degeneration" by helping to correct and dispel evil spirits. In the face of new influenza, vaccines and special drugs have a lag, while traditional Chinese medicine is currently available and can be quickly emergency. Clinical studies have shown that the treatment of influenza in traditional Chinese medicine can alleviate patient symptoms, shorten the course of patients' diseases, reduce the rate of severe illness and mortality, and when combined with Western medicine, it can also reduce the amount of western medicine and toxic side reactions, and reduce the incidence of secondary pneumonia. At the same time, modern pharmacological research has also confirmed that Chinese medicine contains a variety of active ingredients against influenza viruses. However, at present, in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment of influenza in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, there is still a problem of irregular treatment. Therefore, in order to further improve the standardized diagnosis and treatment level of influenza in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the team combined the current relevant research results at home and abroad and the experience of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of influenza, and formulated guidelines for Integrative medicine guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of influenza (2022 version).