Second-degree burn wounds often show a dynamic process in the early post-injury period, which is not only determined by its own pathophysiological characteristics, but also closely related to wound intervention and other factors, and timely and reasonable first aid before hospital and appropriate wound treatment after admission are of great significance to prevent wound deepening. However, there are still many differences in the management of deep second-degree burn wounds, including conservative dressing methods, the choice of topical dressings or drugs, indications for surgery, timing, etc., which not only need to consider the different outcome effects that may be produced by dressing change or surgical treatment itself, but also need to evaluate factors such as burn location, patient age and burn area. In addition, it should be noted that at present, there are no unified standards and norms for the diagnosis, classification, surgical procedures, infection judgment and grading of second-degree burn wounds, which not only poses great challenges to the formulation of clinical treatment plans, but also has a great impact on the consistency of clinical research, limiting the development of high-quality multi-center clinical research. At present, many countries have published guidelines or consensus related to burn treatment, and the International Burn Association published practical guidelines for burn treatment in 2016, which provides an important reference for burn treatment and wound management, but its content is often broad, and the content for burn wound treatment is relatively small, especially there are no comprehensive systematic guidelines or norms for the treatment of second-degree burn wounds. In addition, in recent years, the increasing research on topical dressings, drugs, surgical instruments and wound healing mechanisms of second-degree burn wounds has continuously improved our understanding of second-degree burn wounds. Based on this evidence-based medical evidence, combined with expert opinions, this project formulates a clinical consensus on the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan and provide reference opinions for most medical staff specializing in burn care.

Limb skin avulsion injury is one of the complex injuries often encountered in trauma surgery, characterized by the strong shear force applied to the skin surface causing the skin and subcutaneous tissue to tear or detach from deep muscles and fascia, often leading to skin and soft tissue defects. In the diagnosis and treatment of limb skin avulsion injuries, there are common problems such as misdiagnosis and improper treatment, lack of relevant diagnostic, treatment standards, and clinical pathways, and significant differences in clinical treatment outcomes. This guide aims to provide clinical decision-making basis for limb skin avulsion injuries for clinical doctors and related medical workers, and improve the diagnostic and treatment standards for limb skin avulsion injuries.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes encode key functional proteins in the process of homologous recombination (HR) of DNA. They are core genes that maintain the stability of human genome as the important tumor suppressor genes. Loss of function of BRCA genes can lead to dysrepair of DNA damage and increase the risk of tumor development. At present, it has been confirmed that BRCA genes have a large number of pathogenic germline mutations and are closely associated with the risk of a variety of tumors, especially familial breast and ovarian cancer, as well as pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma. Compared with the "diagnostic" effect of BRCA gene testing in the cancer population, BRCA gene testing can play a "predictive" role in healthy people, especially in high-risk groups with a family history of cancer or abnormal signs of mammography, transvaginal ultrasound or serum tumor markers. Screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, as well as early prevention and intervention, has been shown to reduce the risk of associated tumors and death in young individuals or those with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer. Therefore, screening for BRCA germline mutations in apparently normal people with potential tumor risk is an important measure for prevention and early detection of cancer. In the past five years, China has successively formed a series of guidelines and consensus for BRCA gene detection, data interpretation, and individualized treatment program selection for cancer patients, providing a clear reference for detection indications, detection methods, and detection results interpretation. However, screening for BRCA mutations in the normal population is still in the primary stage, with only a few single-center, regional data reported. The continuous decline in testing costs and the entry of compliance kits into the market have greatly improved the accessibility of BRCA mutation screening, and also put forward higher standardization requirements for related testing work.