Tuberculosis (TB), especially drug-resistant TB, is a severe public health challenge in China. Current diagnostic methods, such as phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) and molecular diagnostics, have limitations either in providing accurate drug resistance profiles or detecting new resistance genes. The broth microdilution plate method (BMD plate), which measures minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), is gaining attention for its ability to provide more detailed drug susceptibility data, making it more effective for guiding treatment. To standardize the use of BMD in managing drug-resistant TB in China, a consensus has been developed to offer unified guidelines.

External cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is a commonly used therapeutic technique in neurosurgery, includes external ventricular drainage (EVD) and lumbar cistern drainage (LD). It primarily involves the continuous drainage of CSF from the ventricles or lumbar cistern through a closed system to the outside of the body, aiming to release bloody or infected CSF. Additionally, it can be utilized for monitoring and controlling intracranial pressure, as well as for drug injection through the drainage tube. External CSF drainage is suitable for conditions such as cerebral hemorrhage accompanied by acute hydrocephalus, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hypertension, and intracranial infection. However, both drainage methods have contraindications. For instance, EVD is relatively contraindicated in patients with coagulation disorders and puncture site infections, while LD is contraindicated in patients with acute brain herniation, severe increase in intracranial pressure, lumbar deformity or bone destruction, severe systemic infection, high cervical spinal cord space-occupying lesions, and incomplete obstruction of the CSF circulation pathway. When implementing these drainage techniques, it is crucial to comprehensively evaluate the indications and contraindications based on the patient's specific condition and disease progression, to ensure the safety and effectiveness of treatment. Perioperative management of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage is crucial for successful treatment, encompassing the selection of drainage tubes, adjustment of drainage volume, removal of drainage tubes, and management of complications. Although the technique of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage has a low technical threshold and can be performed by hospitals at all levels, there is no consensus on issues related to drainage tube management. Therefore, the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Neurosurgery Critical Care Management Collaboration Group organized experts in the field of neurosurgery critical care to rewrite the 2018 "Expert Consensus on Cerebrospinal Fluid External Drainage Management in Neurosurgery Critical Patients" based on evidence-based medicine evidence combined with expert opinions, and formulated the "Expert Consensus on Cerebrospinal Fluid External Drainage Management in Neurosurgery Critical Patients (2024)".

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) remains high in China, and the situation of cluster outbreaks is critical. Due to the high homology of dominant MTB strains in China，it is difficult to accurately identify MTBs of different types or at different stages of evolution using traditional assays. This limits MTB transmission monitoring and traceability efforts. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can accurately characterize the process, sequence of MTB transmission, and transmission source number of MTB. Providing scientific and precise interventions for the prevention and control of TB cluster outbreaks. To further standardize the application of WGS in MTB transmission monitoring, the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Zhejiang Antituberculosis Association organized relevant experts to formulate this expert consensus.

Through systematic literature review， Delphi expert consultation， and expert argumentation，we formulated the expert consensus on aerosol inhalation nursing practice in outpatient department of pediatrics. Ultimately， a consensus specification consisting of 6 themes was formed， including environmental arrangement， infection management， personnel management， common drugs， device equipment， and nursing operations， in order to provide guidance and reference for the nursing and management of aerosol inhalation of outpatient department of pediatrics in China， and to standardize the nursing operations of aerosol inhalation in children.

n patients with breast cancer, especially those with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, forming an expert consensus on the diagnostic standards of TCM syndrome is crucial for guiding clinical medical workers to identify the risk of cardiac toxicity, optimize anti-tumor treatment plans, and improve patient treatment compliance and quality of life. This consensus not only enhances patient treatment compliance and quality of life but also promotes multidisciplinary treatment team (MDT) collaboration, strengthens information sharing and collaborative work among physicians of different specialties, thereby improving treatment outcomes and advancing medical progress. The consensus on TCM syndrome diagnostic standards is of great significance for the treatment of breast cancer. It helps to improve the specificity and effectiveness of treatment, reduce adverse reactions, improve the quality of life for patients, and provide a reference for the prognosis assessment of populations at risk of breast cancer-related cardiac toxicity events. In addition, the formulation of the consensus provides standardized assessment tools for clinical research, enhancing the quality and reliability of research.